Metadata Management

There is an urban myth that HRH Queen Elizabeth II thinks that the whole world smells of paint – due to the fact that everywhere she goes, somebody has been there five minutes before applying a nice white coat of paint to anything that doesn’t move!  I sometimes get the same feeling: whenever I talk to customers, as I’m arriving I can smell the constant state of change! – Mergers, acquisitions, innovation, vendor selection, knowledge management, new web site, new technology, the list is endless.There are many drivers  for business change, and, as my company now has a bit of a reputation for helping businesses to re-align their electronic content to the changed business requirements, I often get a glimpse of the chaos that change can cause.

So how does all this organizational change and findability connect, I hear you ask?  Well let’s think about it.

As discussed in previous blog entries, most content savvy businesses know that search isn’t the panacea the search vendors would like to suggest.  Search and find are not interchangeable terms.  Search is a component of findability; as is content taxonomy, classification, de-duplication, lifecycle management and all of the other information management processes that are needed to tame the beast of the ‘digital landfill’ (thank you AIIM).

The Greek philosopher Heraclitus coined the phrase ‘Nothing endures as change’ or ‘the only constant is change’.  We all know that.  You work your fingers to the bone to implement the next big thing for your business – hundred hour weeks for months to hit your deadlines, and then after a scant few months of use, up pops the change gremlin and all your hard work is squandered because the business has to/wants to change!

That’s when we get the call – ‘we can’t find all of our content’ or ‘the merger means we have a lot more content, and a lot less money to control and manage it with’ or ‘we have to rebrand our latest acquisition by next month – the CEO thinks that it proves the merger has worked’.

This is when the light bulb should flash brightly in your head – ‘if I have processes and policies to ensure that our content is truly findable, and then I can respond to any change request thrown at me’.  Let’s take that thought one step forward: ‘if I understand what needs to be done to make content truly findable, then at the next re-org, merger, acquisition etc, I can make sure that not only are we well positioned for change, but that I will know what has to be done to all of the content managed by my equivalent in the company we have just acquired.  Now it doesn’t take Sherlock Holmes to work out who brings the value to this new equation – it’s survival of the fittest and in the world of constant change, if you can find it, you can change it.  Elementary my dear Watson!







To get to grips with your organization's 'digital landfill', by discovering the five steps to achieving insight into all of your unstructured content, including information on usage, metadata and storage. Find out what you need to know to make your content management system truly effective.

When choosing a new CMS a customer’s primary concern is almost certainly authoring-based. That is to say, a clear vision for the future of content is established well before the vendor is chosen. There are many CMSs to choose from and they vary greatly in scope, functionality and ease of use. You may be faced with a large influx of new content which is no longer manageable under the current CMS; or you may come to the realization that your current vendor no longer supports your vision for your website in the functionality it supports (it’s not uncommon to find content authors use tricks to get around the limitations of your CMS); or you may simply be tired of that clunky user interface and want something with a little more pizzazz.

What’s not always considered is backwards compatibility with existing content. Ideally, undertaking a CMS migration into a new platfom represents a translation of data, resulting in the achievement of value. Otherwise, a content migration can leave you with a truncation of content resulting in a functional, but 'lossy' migration. Metadata management is incredibly useful on both sides of a website, internal and external. Content with good metadata is good content ie.  findable! It’s a good idea to have a strategy in translating both content and metadata from your source CMS into the target. It’s all too easy to favor new functionality and componentry in a new CMS over the simple-yet-invaluable little things.

CQ5 is a particular favorite of mine to work with but it’s my belief that a crack team is required to take full advantage of all the features CQ5 has to offer. Not everyone requires a CMS as flashy as CQ5 and there are plenty of other utilitarian options. One thing is clear: regardless of which CMS you choose,  it is imperative you understand what you’re getting in your CMS and that you are prepared to spend the time necessary to get the most out of your investment. We at Vamosa were recently faced with a client coming back to us after a brief disengagement only to reveal that they had decided that their chosen target system did not adequately meet their needs - after months of work on both sides. It’s hard to imagine a more tragic outcome than that! So be sure to take your time deciding which system is right for you, and good luck!










If you are unsure of what CMS is right for you, download the Vamosa Consulting Service CMS Vendor Selection Business Results Sheet and see how Vamosa may be able to help you.

The challenges of content governance are constantly evolving as the volume of digital content published increases exponentially every day and new publishing channels emerge. Who, 12 months ago, for example, could have predicted that Twitter would become such a publishing phenomenon?

Vamosa understands this complexity and we know that dealing with the end-to-end life cycle of content in separate parts can make implementing an effective strategy for managing enterprise content more complex.

In response to enterprise needs, coupled with our understanding of the obstacles to enterprise-wide content management, we have launched two configurable software platforms that incorporate this end-to-end approach to content: Vamosa Enterprise Content Governance (ECoG) Suite for Documents and ECoG Suite for Web. 

ECoG Suite for Documents

ECoG Suite for Documents has been designed to enable the transformation of document repositories into clean, usable content stores that can be governed by ECoG policies. The suite automates the life cycle of documents, from creation to on-going maintenance, supporting taxonomy and metadata management, versioning, policies for records management and archiving, and so on.

ECoG Suite for Web

ECoG Suite for Web allows clients to take back control of web content by automating policies for all stages of the content lifecycle, from accessibility to tagging and from broken links to ECMS migration, making it findable, compliant and more usable. By adopting a SaaS approach to web maintenance, web properties are monitored 24/7 so any breach of policy is trapped and resolved.

Most importantly for enterprises, the suites offer all the functionality previously available in separate Vamosa products, including analysis, data cleansing and migration but bundled into a single installation that is then configurable to the customer’s environment and specific ECoG policies.

Any enterprise looking to manage content knows it has a challenge on its hands. Not only has the volume of content exploded exponentially in the last few years but so has the rate at which content is changing and users’ expectation of a satisfactory experience, whether on the Internet, or simply locating a file on the Intranet or Portal.

Vamosa announced its new consulting services on Tuesday. They offer a comprehensive approach to implementing best practice Enterprise Content Governance (ECoG), focusing on practical aspects, such as content modelling and keyword tagging.

A Vamosa customer – British Council – summarized the need for such expertise perfectly: “We knew there was a lot of out-of-date content, but with so many pages, it was an enormous challenge for us to undertake an analysis on our own. We chose Vamosa because of its Consultants’ expertise.”

The Consulting services are structured around ten different components to provide enterprises with a start-to-finish content strategy, and the added bonus of providing an independent evaluation to support decisions on CMS vendor selection.

A few examples of the different areas of the Practice include:
•    Content Discovery – a comprehensive analysis and assessment of content to optimize performance, reduce Total Cost of Ownership and resolve problem areas before content users complain
•    Migration Programme Management – capitalizes on the expertise of Vamosa experts to migrate content so employees can focus on day to day jobs and avoid the common pitfalls associated with CMS/DMS implementation
•    Keyword Tagging – Valuable keywords and phrases extracted from content and weighted based on relevance, then tagged as metadata making it easier to find

By engaging with Vamosa for consulting services, enterprises can not only be confident of receiving advice gained on hundreds of customer engagements, but also that these will be executed within a structured ECoG framework.

As noted in a previous post  by Nic Archer it is anticipated that a third of organizations will in time employ a MOSS migration strategy and migrate to the new SharePoint 2010 platform. However in order to maximize organizational efficiency it is essential that all data is prepared prior to the SharePoint 2010 deployment to ensure a smooth content migration strategy.

By defining efficient content taxonomy structures prior to deployment, organizations are able to more easily move content into their new SharePoint environment resulting in improved site architecture and navigation within the new site. This task in itself can involve a significant amount of work before data is ready to be migrated.  If this stage is not meticulously carried out, the value of the content in the new store will be significantly depleted.

The suite of MetaVis tools for SharePoint, now allows SharePoint administrators to reclassify content by assigning new metadata values and new content types during a migration, allowing organizations to migrate more efficiently. Even post migration, MetaVis allows administrators to bulk update metadata, should this be required, further enhancing the findability of data for the user.

With MetaVis, SharePoint administrators can utilize the new Term Store, to graphically re-design and re-architect their content, significantly improving search and discovery of local documents for organizations that are located globally.
By utilizing the capabilities of the new SharePoint environment through MetaVis, administrators will be able transform the web experience, lower the cost of ownership of content management and deliver error free automated migrations, while creating effective content structures in SharePoint 2010 – the ultimate goal for all SharePoint administrators.

To learn more about the suite of MetaVis tools download the MetaVis Architect Suite Buisness Results Sheet.

In short: when its in a zoo… Bare with me. Common Eland in Zoo

A document is a record of something that has been observed. Such a record can be anything – a utility bill, an employment contract, a sculpture in a museum, or a painting on a wall. All are examples of documents describing something else. The utility bill records and describes your usage of gas and electricity. The employment contract records and describes the details of the handshake you gave at that final job interview. The sculpture or painting documents – there’s that word – a historical event. All these examples of documents are records of something observed by something or someone else.

Paul Otlet (1868-1944), the father of information science, is known for his observation that documents could be three dimensional. As examples of such “documents” Otlet cites natural objects, artifacts, objects bearing traces of human activity (such as archaeological finds), explanatory models, educational games, and works of art.

Suzanne Briet (1894-1989), also known as “Madame Documentation”, states her case through the enumeration of six objects:

•     Is the star in the sky a document? No.
•     Is the photo of the star in the sky a document? Yes.
•     Is the stone in the river a document? No.
•     Is the stone in the museum a document? Yes.
•     Is the antelope in the wild a document? No.
•     Is the antelope in the zoo a document? Yes.

Suzanne Briet rules: an antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document, it has been made evidence. So there is a process involved in making “the something” into a document – we call it documentation.

As humans, we’ve invented all kinds of devices to aid in the process of documentation: library cards, folders, URLs, bibliographies, tags, taxonomies, reference documents. They form part of the discipline that is documentation and the basis for content management.

With the advent of content management systems we seem to have lost some of the high-level abstract concepts that were clearly laid out in the early parts of the 20th century. As an industry sector, involved in content management, we’ve become too focussed on the implementation details of content management systems and the limitations that these systems face.

Context

“What is metadata? What is a document?” These questions typically go hand-in-hand and are often naively answered by: “the document is a file or a blob that is stored in database but is difficult too manipulate, so the metadata, table rows and columns, are used to facilitate manipulation and describe the document”.

Metadata provides context with which to consume the document. You’ll have seen this in a zoo. You walk up to the antelope enclosure and there’s plaque containing the name, Latin name and a map of the world with a particular part of Africa highlighted describing the antelope and its origin – metadata. The zoo is giving you context with which to understand the antelope document.

The same holds true for documents in a content management system. Documents are stored in a particular context described by their metadata. The folder, the author, draft/publish status, tags, taxonomy are all pieces of metadata to aid the consumer in consuming the document.

That consumer may be the content management system itself as it responds to the query “give me all documents in the /marketing folder” on behalf of a web visitor. The consumer can also be a records management system archiving documents “in a published state and that are older than 24 months”.

Documents never exist without metadata, without context. For example, the print-out of sales figures that I’ve thrown in the wastebasket is a fully-fledged document of our company’s sales figures telling the person that picks it out the wastebasket to treat (read “consume”) the document as a discarded document.

I’ve seen this catch people out on a few content migration projects when they try and de-duplicate content repositories. They classify documents as duplicates based on their contents alone, without ever taking context into account. De-duplication is tricky business because in doing so you are destroying metadata that is right-or-wrongfully been created to help consume documents.

The accurate consumption or manipulation of documents is intrinsically tied to the accuracy and completeness of their metadata. Is the print-out of sales data in the wastebasket to be trusted? Is the sales data accurate? How should the reader consume the document? Look at the metadata! Its in the wastebasket. This opens up the possibility: did I mean to throw the print-out in the wastebasket? Is the metadata accurate? The reader can only make that decision with more metadata. The reader could phone or email me and ask: did you intend to discard that print-out? Thereby creating more metadata and a better context with which to consume the document.

Content management systems merely store metadata, human beings create metadata – often by hand, sometimes using automated tools. The process of generating metadata or maintaining its accuracy is a human process. Computers don’t care about accuracy or completeness.

Adriaan Bloem, analyst at CMSWatch, touches on this by labeling enterprise search as a “brute force” approach. Adriaan also points out that metadata or context is neccessary to communicate. He’s right – otherwise how do we make sense of a document ?

What if metadata contains a document, i.e. when one document describes another? Doesn’t this form of reasoning collapse in on itself?

What if you took a photograph of the antelope and attached it to the information plaque outside the enclosure? So when the antelope is having an off-day and its hiding in the undergrowth, passers-by can still learn about it by reading the plaque. Now you’ve got one document (the photograph) describing another (the antelope), haven’t you? Aren’t both documents? Wrong.

We can describe documents with other documents. Suzanne Briet would argue that the antelope in the zoo is the primary document and any scholarly articles written about it are secondary documents. They provide context around the primary document. There’s is a document and there is context with which to interpret that document – metadata. Nothing else. Document… Metadata… Document… Metadata.

In an English language sentence “things” can be both subjects as well objects, yet can’t be both at the same time. In one situation the photograph is a document, described by metadata from a digital camera (exposure, shutterspeed), in the other situation it is metadata describing the antelope.

Confused? What is metadata ? In any given situation, ask yourself what the document is and by exclusion all that isn’t is metadata.

So what does this means for content management systems ? Are they all broken? Do we need metadata management processes as well as content management processes? Do we need a separate metadata lifecycle to run alongside a content lifecycle ?

The answer to those questions is unfortunately – yes. Yes, we do need separate metadata management processes. Yes, we do need a separate metadata lifecycle. Unless… we stop building content management systems in the naive fashion of blobs for documents and table rows and columns for metadata. We need to start building these systems so that there is no technical distinction between the content store and the metadata store. Having separate stores for content and metadata causes us to duplicate our efforts, causing us to define duplicate processes to support the lifecycle of both document and metadata.

Ironic, since a promise of content management is the removal of duplication.

In part 1 of the series we highlighted some of the steps that can help you obtain maximum value from your content. In this issue, we will further explore some of the solutions that will allow you to overcome the business challenges associated with the digital landfill.

1) Make Sure Your Content isn’t Duplicated

While reducing the noise on your content store is hugely beneficial you need to go one step further; you must ensure that there are no duplication issues.  A Swiss Bank client once told me that attaching a PowerPoint presentation of 1Mb to an email within that bank increases corporate storage requirements by at least 1 GB and produces on average ten versions of the file.  In one search, a single document could exist in 100 different places. That single fact alone highlights how difficult it is to sort out the knowledge from the noise. By de-duplicating your content, you’ll already be streamlining the process. Anecdotally this can reduce the file count by between 50% and 80% – significant in anybody’s language.

2) Find the Holes within Your Knowledge

Look for existing entities in your classification that do not exist within your metadata – the information you have about your content. Holes provide you with the ability to clean information, ensure metadata management is considered by content creators; and if it’s not to get those content creators in line, by setting out content complaince guidelines. That way you’ll be able to ensure content is relevant, findable and clean.

3) Share Knowledge

Content Management Systems work optimally when the content that they are custodians of is focused, relevant and classified and as a result this content compliance issues should be addressed. You need to assess how your content is being consumed and with this information drive your choice of platform as required. When undertaking a data migration strategy, for example emails, a real opportunity exists to be selective about where you store content. One customer was migrating 120,000 user email accounts from Lotus Notes to Microsoft Exchange. When discussing the migration, it was identified that 70% of the storage requirement was generated by attachments. Moving all of the attachments to SharePoint instantly enabled ‘share-ability’ and de-duplication. You don’t need to follow the obvious route when sharing knowledge, rather choose a platform based upon what your business requires.

4) Maintaining Your Knowledge Assets

It is essential to keep on top of your knowledge. If you allow your content to become chaotic, it’s not easy to repair; if you manage it on a weekly basis, maintenance is much easier. Once your content is at a point of usefulness, where it is relevant and findable, keep it there. If you don’t’ look at it for a year, you’ll then see some major gaps in the metadata, incorrect naming conventions, incorrect storage locations etc. If you invest in a pragmatic care and maintenance program, then spotting minor deviations from the documented standard will be easy to monitor, highlight and resolve, allowing you to continually obtain maximum value from your digital landfill.







To learn more about getting the most from your digital landfill,
download the Five Steps to Discovering the Real Shape of your Digital Content White Paper.

Knowing how to turn the contents of your digital landfill into a knowledge asset presents a huge challenge for any business. In today’s world, most organizations do not realize the actual volume of data living and breathing on their corporate web properties, document management systems and file shares; it is estimated that around 80% of corporate data exists in unstructured forms. There are however a number of steps that can be taken in order to capture, share and retain that knowledge, allowing you to build business advantage.

1) Define Knowledge and Deliver it

In order for companies to create a competitive business advantage it is essential that they have content knowledge, as this is the building blocks for differentiation. To obtain the most relevant information from your content stores you must first define what knowledge is. Knowledge must be up to date, relevant and map onto your prime business objectives. It also must be aligned with the mode of operation of your business; in a distributed, technologically advanced enterprise, there is often no need to produce paper-based information, with all the associated challenges of change control, and inherent costs. Within more traditional, slower moving environments the use of electronic media alone may involve a level of culture change that is unnecessary due to the prevalence of paper based manuals, such as in field based applications of within engineering workshops.  The reality is that knowledge should be independent from the channel through which it is delivered. It should be fit for purpose, and ideally operate across all communications channels within the business.

2) Adopt Industry Standard Classification Schemes where Possible

Now that the knowledge has been defined it is essential that it is understood how value will be extracted from it. To achieve this, a flexible classification process is required. You should identify all business content within your company and then associate those pieces with an industry or corporate standard classification, thus creating a data map to valuable knowledge.

3) Embrace Long-Term Standards

Industry-wide standard object based classification will provide your business with a flexible organizational solution. If there is organizational change, you can modify your content taxonomy (that is, change the way in which the relationships exist between the objects) rather than having to physically re-classify every object to reflect the changed taxonomic requirements of your organization.  This will help to ensure the knowledge assets are of use and will continue to be valuable going forward as the business changes.

4) Apply Consistency to Your Existing Content to Reduce the Noise

Inconsistent nomenclature, patchy classification, duplicate and near duplicate content creates a significant amount of static noise within your organisations proper information. This noise makes it hard to find anything – normally because you don’t have the tools or techniques to pinpoint a relevant subject area, or because your information is stored in functional silos – in department-specific storage areas, for example.  It is therefore important to reduce the noise within your organization by applying standard classification to your existing content and ensure content compliance standards are in place.










Get to grips with your organization's 'digital landfill', by discovering the five steps to achieving insight into all of your unstructured content, including information on usage, metadata management and storage. Find out what you need to know to make your content management system truly effective.

We recently worked with 451 Group  to host a webinar focused on Information Governance. During that webinar, we looked at what information governance is and why it is important to an organization and its content management system (CMS).

I remember a research paper from 451 Group called ‘Unstructured Information or Unstructured Content: the elephant in the corner’. People were starting to flag up the fact that content is amassing within businesses day by day. And not every single piece of content is necessarily under control.

Content governance is about a frame of mind within an organization. It’s also about real life implementation of that governance to ensure that published content is consumed by stakeholders and then controlled as it needs to be. We see content governance as being driven by risk mitigation. Obviously there are legal and industry regulations, compliance challenges, cost control and also the drive to make information findable for knowledge workers. But there isn’t always the drive towards reducing content. Metadata and some tracking capability won’t always optimize what you have.

We talk about ‘quality built in’. It’s about the fact that each and every piece of content has to have some structure built in to ensure it can be controlled under ILM processes. We see the main challenges to governing content as web content and social media.

During the webinar, Kathleen Reidy, Senior Analyst at The 451 Group said that Information Governance is knowing what content exists, where it is located, how long it will be kept, who will have access to it – and then how to ensure it is protected and that policies and standards are used and enforced. She also said that businesses need more intelligence about this content, to decide what happens to the data. Is it a record? Does it go into the archive; does it get deleted? A lot of organizations still say “our users are the best ones to decide.” And that’s certainly true. But you will find more organizations that want a technology safeguard behind that; to ensure retention even when nobody has declared the data as a record. And then how do you make sure that policy continues to be enforced over time? Certainly technology has a role to play there as well.

With Vamosa technology, we can identify the value of content ranging from documents to web pages, where it is located and automatically clean it up, but then govern it. Doing this enables organizations to gain the value from content that they should.

We say to our customers that content management doesn’t always mean content governance. Content governance can be implemented without content management, and more often than not, content management is implemented without content governance. But they do make very good partners. A good content management system is made even better by implementing successful and effective content governance.

Download the transcribed webinar whitepaper here.

In Part 1 of this series, we highlighted the hidden challenges of merging digital content in the context of an acquisition. Acquired content often undercuts unsuspecting organizations by delivering blows across a range of exposed areas: from the content itself, to the technology on which it is served, to its audience – whether employees or customers. In this issue, we explore some of the solutions Vamosa provides to help organizations overcome these integration challenges and achieve their acquisition objectives.

Branding of Acquired Properties

The most obvious way in which acquired content negatively impacts an organization is by eroding its corporate identity. This is most apparent in the case of branding assets: logos, color palettes, and font choices, but many more signals of incomplete integration lurk below the surface. These signals may be acute but unobtrusive – contact email addresses pointing to pre-acquisition domains, obsolete product names – or subtly pervasive – material at sharply different reading levels, non-compliance with adopted accessibility and web standards. Through a combination of services and technology, Vamosa allows organizations to close the brand gap and ensure brand governance standards are adhered to. Taking advantage of Vamosa’s policy-driven rules engine, our Consultancy practice can design and configure a tailored package of content policies using Vamosa's ECoG Suite for Web, precisely targeting an organization’s most pressing content issues.

System Consolidation

It’s easy for companies to make a connection between public content and sales, but the burden of supporting post-acquisition content has deep implications for costs as well. While there are clear – and important – differences between content management systems, all are designed to facilitate the flow of information in a collaborative environment. That’s fine as a concept using one CMS but when you have multiple Content Management Systems – be careful, it can actual restrict collaboration. Reducing the number of content management systems required by the combined organization benefits both production and consumption; at a business level, this translates into elimination of sources of waste: licensing fees, hardware, lines of application code. Vamosa’s ECoG Suite for Web – with or without the deployment of our Consulting practice – allows organizations to accurately size their potential savings through systems consolidation, and then achieve them through migration into a unified platform. When decommissioning systems is not an option, Vamosa’s ECoG Suite for Web can apply metadata dimensions to content in place, enabling portal integration to make content findable or push it directly to relevant consumers.

Users of Content – Enabling Access

Lastly, acquisitions yield major challenges for the users of content. In the context of restructuring a company, it’s common for content ownership to change as departments are split and merged, and much of the content itself – internal HR documents, mission statements, functional group sites – is likely to become redundant or irrelevant. At an access level, reorganization manifests itself in changes to security groups. People often focus on security’s role in preventing information from getting into the wrong hands, but it’s just as important to ensure that new employees are quickly granted access to company information; neglecting this basic privilege is likely to precipitate a morale nosedive. Vamosa’s family of products and services allow business to quickly identify and eliminate swaths of redundant content while at the same time updating links to point to their corresponding active pages. Additionally, Vamosa’s ability to reassign content to new owners or groups ensures that information is editable by and available to the proper channels, breaking down barriers to collaboration and empowering an organization to be greater than the sum of its parts.








To learn more about CMS consolidation and CMS Migration, down the Content Migration: Seven Steps to Success White Paper.